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According to the Jewish tradition, Moses recieved the written Torah on Mount Sini about 3,000 years ago. Together with this written Torah he recieved an oral commentary, what ecame known as the Oral Torah. Both the written and oral Torah are sacred to the Jewish nation and Jewish Law. In the written Torah (lit:teaching) there is a commandment to "keep the shabat (Saturday)"and a commandment to "remember the shabbat". The question arises: what does it mean to keep and remember shabat? how are those mental/emotional things expressed physically? The Oral Torah says: keeping the shabbat means not doing all the neggative commandements (the "don't do"s) while remembering shabbat means doing the possitive commandements--the "do"s. What are the possitive commandments? 1)to read "kidush"(lit. sanctification of the sabbath) on friday night and saturday morning. The tests for these kidushes are found in every sidur=jewish prayer book. Their function is to actualize, realize, the theoretical concept of "remembering"into physcial actions. In truth that is what Judaism is about: expressing religious ideas/conspets/beliefs/ and spiritual feelings into concrete, physical actions. What are the neggative commandements on Shabbat? The Oral torah tells us to look at the Tabernacle (mishkan) that the Jews build in the desert (see end of the book of Exodus): whatever actions were done there, that will be called "melacha", literally, work. It isn't work in the sense of än action difficult to do". But those actions fall into the HALACHIK category of work. (halacha=Jewish law). The Oral tradition categorizes the different kinds of work into 39 categories, called äv melachot. Everything that we know as forbiden now a days on Shabbat is forbiden because it falls into one of those 39 categories.

What aout light? The Written Torah has only two prohibitions of Shabbat. The first one is lighting a fire. Thus, when in the 19th century electricity was descovered, the rabbis decided that electricity fell under the category of "lighting a fire"since when you turn on the light, a spart is created.

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